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Vývoj příjmových nerovností v zemích V4
Borzov, Mikhail
Bc. Borzov, M., Income Inequality Development in V4 Countries. Bachelor's thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2023. The bachelor's thesis titled "Income Inequality Development in V4 Countries" deals with the identification of relevant factors that affect the development of income inequality in individual countries of the Visegrad Group during the period of 2004-2020. The theoretical part of the thesis provides an up-to-date overview of studies dealing with income inequality issues. This part of the thesis analyzes theoretical concepts and various approaches currently used to explain income inequality. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on conducting a correlation and regression analysis to identify specific factors that influence income inequality. The results of the regression analysis show that among the significant factors are unemployment, globalization, industrial structure, its added value, and other factors. These results suggest that changes in these factors may have a significant impact on income inequality in V4 countries.
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Monetary policy and income Inequality– evidence from Slovakia
Henein, Joseph
The effect of monetary policy conduct on income and wealth inequality has been widely researched and spiked renewed interest after the introduction of unconventional monetary policy tools. The effect of monetary policy on asset prices channel has been identified as the key determinant of widening the wealth and income distribution In this research, I test the hypothesis if there is an effect of the large-scale asset purchase program by the European Central Bank had any effect on the income inequality in the euro-zone and with focus on the results for Slovakia. The scope of this research is the period from 2014 to 2018, focusing on the income inequality effect for the top 1% of earners, the top 10% of earners, the and bottom 50% of earners. And the effect on the Gini coefficient is tested as well for the effect on the overall income distribution. Through panel data analysis, the study found no material effect of the large-scale asset purchase program on income inequality. The coefficient of the estimation using several estimation procedures was not found statistically significant.
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Impact of Universal Basic Income on Income and Poverty in Italy: A Multi-Scenario Analysis Using HFCS Data in EUROMOD
Petrus, Tomáš ; Kolář, Daniel (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Mikrosimulace základního nepodmíněného příjmu v EUROMOD přisprívají probíhající diskusi o sociálních důsledcích a rozpočtové proveditelnosti této politiky. Evropská HFCS data použitá v této práci umožňují zdanění majetku jako způsob financování, aby byl základní nepodmíněný příjem rozpočtově neutrální. Tato práce zkoumá vliv tří unikátních scénářů na redistribuci příjmů a míru ohrožení chudobou na různé části italské populace. Rozmanitost italských regionů a boj s veřejným dluhem mohou vážně ohrozit proveditelnost scénářů v reálném světě. Výsledky práce následují trend radikálního snižování celkové chudoby a nerovnosti pozorovaný v této oblasti výzkumu. Tyto scénáře, spolu s pevnou daní z majetku, mají nepříznivé dopady na starší věkové skupiny, které se spoléhají na starobní důchody. Systém sociálních dávek má ve scénářích různé úrovně náhraditelnosti, které významně ovlivňují dopad na ohrožené skupiny. Práce nastoluje potenciální zmírnění nežádoucích účinků, které lze analyzovat v dalším výzkumu. Mikrosimulace postrádá behaviorální dopad základního nepodmíněného příjmu na jednotlivce, který je zachycen v provedených studiích v Evropě a Severní Americe.
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The Impacts of Economic Globalization on Poverty and Income Inequality: Evidence from CEECs
Hu, Yi ; Jeřábek, Petr (advisor) ; Amini, Chiara (referee) ; Semerák, Vilém (referee)
This paper aims to explore the relationship between economic globalization and poverty and income inequality in Central and Eastern Europe Countries (CEECs). Despite the considerable research on the effects of globalization on poverty and income inequality, there is a lack of consistent conclusions and a specific emphasis on CEECs. To address these research gaps, we employ two-way fixed-effects regression model, country fixed- effects regression model, and random effects-regression model to examine the impacts of the KOF economic globalization index as well as its sub-indices on World Bank absolute poverty estimates and World Bank Gini index estimates using panel data of nine high-income CEECs from 2004 to 2020. Overall, the study suggest that economic globalization reduces both poverty and income inequality in CEECs, which contradicts the expectation that globalization may exacerbate income inequality. By disaggregating the impacts of economic globalization, the results show that trade and financial globalization can significantly reduce poverty yet only financial globalization can substantially decrease income inequality. Additionally, positive effects of restrictions are more robust than those of actual flows. These findings support policies that promote economic openness in CEECs to mitigate...
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Príjmová a spotrebná nerovnosť vo vybraných krajinách
Petrášová, Kristína
The bachelor thesis focuses on ways of measuring income and consumption ine-quali¬ty in the world and their mutual dependence. The first chapter of the thesis is composed of the theoretical part about income, consumption inequality and their influence on world welfare. The chapter also contains ways of measuring income inequality and comparing their quality to each other. The process of acquiring data on consumption inequality is explained in the methodology of the thesis, due to the lack of indicators of consumption inequality. The practical part focuses on studying the correlation between consumption and income inequality and the way one in-flu¬ences the other. The results of this thesis are compared to the results of previous works.
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Globalization, Rule of Law and Wealth Inequality
Svěchotová, Anežka ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jiří (referee)
We examine the determinants of wealth inequality using new dataset consisting of a rich set of explanatory variables including rule of law, as well as different measures of globalization. We use the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) approach to account for model uncertainty. The BMA methodology allows to thoroughly compare a large number of potential determinants. Due to large differences in wealth inequality across different countries, the variables included reflect countries' various aspects, namely economic, geographical, regulatory, institutional, finance, globalization, political and demographic factors. Examining 39 potential determinants, we find five robustly related variables. Among them there are three financial development indicators, GDP growth and one geographical dummy for countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. On the other hand, some of the measures of globalization are correlated with wealth inequality; however, they are not its determinants. JEL Classification C33, E21, G51 Keywords wealth inequality, globalization, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) Title Globalization, Rule of Law and Wealth Inequality
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Drivers of Income Inequality in China
Chen, Xiao ; Kolář, Daniel (advisor) ; Semerák, Vilém (referee)
This thesis uses an empirical approach to examine the drivers of income inequality in China, assuming income inequality to be a linear function of logarithmic per capita income, the educational inequality as well as the percentage of population below secondary, completing secondary, and completing tertiary education. It suggests that growing income inequality is correlated to rising per capita income and educational inequality, utilizing a micro survey data set of 25 provinces from 2010 to 2016 with a one-year gap using the static fixed effects and random effects estimators, as well as a dynamic generalized method of moments estimator. In contrast, the percentage of population completing secondary education has a negative effect. The weighting factors ensure that the data set is representative, and robust and sensitivity tests are applied. The comparison of the EU and China's results shows the features of developed and emerging economies. Keywords Income inequality, Educational inequality, Educational completion, CFPS, Panel data, Weighting factor, Fixed effects, Random effects, GMM-DIFF, GMM-SYS Title Drivers of Income Inequality in China
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Distributional impacts of meal vouchers
Röhryová, Lenka ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Pěkná, Martina (referee)
The thesis aims to analyze distributional impacts of meal voucher sys- tem in the Czech Republic, especially in the context of income inequality between different income groups. In the first part, we study the features of the Czech meal voucher scheme, relevant legislative framework and offer a comparison of the Czech meal voucher system with other European coun- tries. In the second part, we perform an analysis of the redistributive effects of meal allowances on various income deciles, quantify the impact of meal allowances tax exemption on the government budget and simulate replace- ment of current meal allowances by flat meal allowances according to several scenarios. Based on our analysis, the meal allowances tax relief represents burden of 11.3 bn Kč for the state budget. Our findings suggest that current form of meal allowances widens the income gap between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, within as well as across the income deciles. The affluent households receive meal allowances more frequently, and moreover, nomin- ally and proportionately higher. We believe a replacement of current meal allowances scheme by one with a flat meal allowances (using the constant budget) would promote income equality. Then, the lower deciles would be- nefit, due to higher share of individuals entitled to the meal...
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Global governance and an analogy with domestic political systems - the impact of income inequality in a society on governance quality
Pašek, Roman ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Dopita, Tomáš (referee)
This paper discusses the issue of global governance, in particular the possibility of the establishment of an institutionalized form of a global government, whose field of action would be determined by global and supranational problems of today's world. One of the obstructions of a quality functioning of such world government could be the measure of income inequality in the world. Hence the submitted paper ponders the question, whether a high measure of income inequality would necessarily thwart the establishment of a global government and it's quality functioning, on the basis of a research of a representative sample of states and the impact of such inequality on the quality of functioning of these domestic systems. Implications for the possible establishment of a global government are then analogically deduced from the conclusions of the aformentioned analysis. These conclusions will help us find out, whether income inequality has a negative or a positive impact on governance quality, or whether there is such a clearly demonstrable connection between these variables at all. The analysis of these variables is possible thanks to the quantifiability of the data that this paper works with and their availability thanks to the research activity of renowned international organizations. Hence the first part of...
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Income Inequality and Happiness: A Meta-Analysis
Kamenická, Lucie ; Havránková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
The relationship between income inequality and happiness is central to a host of welfare policies. If higher income inequality puts people down, advocating for income redistribution from the rich to the poor could make society happier. We show, however, that this popular consensus on the relationship's direction is rather absent in the academic literature. Based on the 868 observations col- lected from 53 studies and controlling for 62 aspects of study design, we use state-of-the-art meta-analysis techniques to identify several important drivers of the efect. Unless each study gets the same weight, the literature is driven by publication bias pushing the estimates against the popular consensus. While geographical diferences dominate among the systematic infuences of the re- lationship's magnitude, the relationship is also strongly afected by various methods and data the authors use in the primary studies. Most prominently, it matters if authors control for diferent individual's characteristics, such as perceived trust in people or their health status.
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